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According to one account of Wood's childhood:
Once, while still very young, he had shaped a small plow out of metal, not dissimilar to the model which was later to form the basis for modern agriculture. But not satisfied with the mere making of it, and wishing to see it in operation, he fashioned a harness of corresponding size and fastened the family cat to his plow. The protests of the cat attracted the immediate attention of paternal authority, and the future inventor was soundly thrashed for his precocity.
It was in his youth when Wood would first begin his correspondence with Thomas Jefferson regarding their innovations, designs, and progress in new plows. Upon his father's death, Wood inherited a small fortune with which he would pursue his inventions and patents.
Other than Wood, inventors like Thomas Jefferson and John Deere each invented cast-iron plows which moved the agricultural standard away from wooden plows, improving durability.Dunbar, Robert G. “The Role of Agricultural History in Economic Development.” Agricultural History 41, no. 4 (1967): 331 The first of these, however, was patented by Charles Newbold of New Jersey in 1793. During the development of the plow, he corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, who had been working on an improvement to the plow along slightly different lines.
A test of the 1819 model showed that it could plow a stony field without breaking. In an attempt to attract further attention, Wood endeavored to send his new plow to the then Czar of Russia, who upon receiving it, sent back a diamond ring, which mistakenly went into the possession of Dr. Samuel Mitchell, a friend of Wood’s who had been asked to write the letter accompanying the plow in French as Wood was not as well versed in the language. It was highly successful in the eastern United States, but less effective against the clay soils and sod of the Midwest.
After the invention of the plow, much of Wood's time and money were consumed by pursuing patent infringement suits against small manufacturers around the country who had copied his design. Wood spent a considerable portion of his later life dedicated to hunting down these copies. One of those suits, Ex parte Wood, reached the Supreme Court after a district court ruled in favor of Jethro Wood and asked Charles Wood and Gilbert Brundage to repeal their patent. After an appeal, the Supreme Court ruled that district court judges may repeal a patent in the event that the patent holder could not provide sufficient reason for the patent to exist and that Congress may grant patents for a limited time and guarantees citizens a jury trial in cases where the amount in dispute exceeds $20. 22 U.S. 603 (1824).
Wood died in poverty on September 28th, 1834. He had spent his entire "large fortune" on perfecting his invention and litigating the patent, and had earned less than $550 in total from his invention.
Wood's patent was renewed in 1833 by act of Congress, and his children continued to fight against infringements and campaign for changes to the patent law for some years.
After his death, Wood’s son, Benjamin Wood continued his battles against copy patents, working with Clay, Webster, and John Adams and securing a reform to the US patent laws.Stanton, Lucia. “Better Tools for a New and Better World: Jefferson Perfects the Plow.” In Old World, New World: America and Europe in the Age of Jefferson, edited by Leonard J. Sadosky, Peter Nicolaisen, Peter S. Onuf, and Andrew J. O’Shaugnessy, 200–222. University of Virginia Press, 2010. Not long after Benjamin’s death, two of Jethro Wood’s daughters took up the cause in pursuing recompense after their brother's death for the copied patent, continuing communications with the John Adams and the Adams Family.
The Jethro Wood House, Wood's residence in Poplar Ridge, New York, was built in 1805 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. Current owners: Thomas Hoppel and his partner have extensively renovated and upgraded and it is currently a private residence.
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